Terminology
Friedman makes clear the distinction between outcomes and indicators, as the end results of activity, and performance measures as the means by which the end results are achieved.

Outcomes
Outcomes are defined as ‘A condition of wellbeing for children, adults, families or communities’. The 5 Every Child Matters outcomes are familiar. Friedman provides a working list of outcomes for children, families and communities. These are: healthy births, healthy children and adults, children ready for school, children succeeding in school, young people staying out of trouble, stable families, families with adequate income, safe and supportive communities.

Indicator
This is defined as ‘A measure which helps quantify the achievement of a result. Examples of this are: the rate of low-birth weight babies, the crime rate, the air quality index, the unemployment rate.

Performance Measure
Friedman gives three types of performance measures, which are measures of how well an agency or service or project is working. These are:
• How much did we do?
• How well did we do it?
• Is anyone better off?